In order to understand the concepts of renal equations; we shall study the following: Vasculature of the kidney A. Blood vs plasma Blood 100% Plasma 60% Red fluid Responsible for transporting important nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste products to and away from the cells.Plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and thrombocytes…
In this article, we will examine the symptoms caused by SARS Cov2. We will discuss: 1- Behavior and binding to ACE2 receptors * Steps related to the SARS CoV2 hypercoagulation mechanism, will be marked in red 1- Behavior and binding of SARS-cov2 to ACE2 receptors Sites where ACE2 receptors are expressed: ACE2 is abundantly present…
Virus:SARS-COV2 Disease: COVID19 In order for us to understand how the SARS-COV2 interacts with drugs, we must review some basic principles of Molecular biology. Bridge to molecular biology – Background overview Gene expression Transcription- No action of SARS COV2 here Transcription overview: Initiation Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA…
Innervation
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is an acute systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by fever and multiple organ dysfunction that is associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, therapeutic antibodies, and haploidentical allogeneic transplantation. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can occur in some patients who are treated with immunotherapy and…
In order to understand how ARDS happens in a COVID-19 patient, we must first examine the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and the role of the immune system in fighting the virus. Lung anatomy & Physiology Overview of the Respiratory System Blood-Gas Interface Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) In the past, only about 4…